Limonene Terpene
Limonene is a colorless, cyclic monoterpene most commonly found in the rinds of citrus fruits, especially oranges
. It is a major component of citrus essential oils and is also present in other plants like juniper, rosemary, and pine. Limonene’s powerful and pleasant citrus aroma makes it useful in numerous commercial and industrial applications.
• Food and beverages: Used as a flavoring agent in many products, including fruit juices, candies, desserts, and chewing gum.
• Fragrances and cosmetics: A frequent ingredient in perfumes, soaps, shampoos, lotions, and other personal care products.
• Cleaning products: Used as a solvent and fragrance in eco-friendly and conventional household cleaners and hand cleansers due to its ability to dissolve oils.
• Pesticides: Functions as a natural insecticide and insect repellent for products aimed at fleas, mosquitos, and other pests.
• Industrial applications: Used as a paint stripper, an adhesive remover, and a less toxic substitute for xylene in histology.
Health Effects and Potential Benefits:
Research suggests several therapeutic benefits of limonene, although many of the findings from preclinical studies in cells and animals need further confirmation in human clinical trials.
• Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory: Limonene has been shown to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, which may be beneficial for conditions like arthritis, diabetes, and colitis.
• Anti-cancer potential: Some animal studies suggest limonene may inhibit the growth of certain cancer cells, and a Phase I clinical trial in humans showed mixed but promising results. More research is needed.
• Anti-anxiety and antidepressant: In animal studies, inhalation of limonene vapor increased serotonin and dopamine, neurotransmitters linked to mood. It is also used in aromatherapy for stress and anxiety relief.
• Gastrointestinal relief: Some evidence suggests limonene can reduce heartburn and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It is thought to provide a protective coating for the esophagus.
• Improved absorption: Limonene may help improve the absorption of other terpenes and beneficial compounds through the skin, mucous membranes, and digestive tract.
Limonene in Cannabis
Limonene is one of the most prominent terpenes found in the cannabis plant.
• Aroma: It is responsible for the distinct citrusy aroma in many cannabis strains.
• Strain effects: Limonene is associated with uplifting, energizing, and mood-elevating effects in cannabis.
• Entourage effect: When consumed with other cannabis compounds like THC and CBD, limonene is believed to contribute to the “entourage effect,” where the combined compounds produce a more potent effect than when isolated.
• Cannabis strains high in limonene: Popular examples include Strawberry Banana, OG Kush, Wedding Cake, and Super Lemon Haze
